DCRUST SYLLABUS
CSE 203 C Computer Organisation and architecture
CATEGORY : ENGINEERING SCIENCE COURSE
Course Objectives:
- To study functional blocks of a computer and their working.
- To learn CPU organization along with Instruction Level Architecture, different addressing modes and pipelining.
- To learn about I/O devices and their working principles.
- The understand the current state of art in memory system design
Unit I
Functional blocks of a computer : CPU, Memory, input/output subsystems, control unit , Multilevel viewpoint of a machine: digital logic, micro architecture, ISA, operating systems, high level language , RTL Computer Buses ( basic design using multiplexers), Bus width, Bus clocking( synchronous , asynchronous), bus arbitration, Bus examples( ISA bus, PCI bus, Universal serial bus) .
Data representation: signed number representation, fixed and floating point representations, character representation. Computer arithmetic: integer addition and subtraction, ripple carry adder, carry look-ahead adder, etc., multiplication – shift-and add, Booth multiplier, carry save multiplier
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Unit II
CPU Organization: Instruction set architecture of a CPU, interpretation of instructions, Instruction set based classification of processors (RISC, CISC, and their comparison), CPU Architecture types (accumulator, register, stack, memory/ register) Instruction cycle (Fetch-Decode-Execute)
Addressing modes: (register, immediate, direct, indirect, indexed); Operations in the instruction set; Arithmetic and Logical, Data Transfer, Control Flow; Instruction set formats (fixed, variable, hybrid) Pipelining (basic concepts, throughput and speedup, hazards )
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Unit III
Input /Output & Control Unit: Input Output Interface, Asynchronous data transfer (Strobe control, handshaking, serial transfer); Serial Vs parallel data transmission; Modes of data transfer, Programmed I/O, Interrupt driven, Direct Memory access ( DMA).
Control Unit design:- Control unit design methods (hardwired & microprogrammed) Control Memory, Address Sequencing, Micro instructions.
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Unit IV
Memory Organization: Memory device characteristics (access/ cycle time, cost per bit, volatility, storage density); Memory hierarchy; Main memory Design (Semiconductor RAM & ROM organization, memory expansion, Static & dynamic memory types, their comparison); Associative memory Design, Match logic, Locality of reference principle (Temporal & Spatial)
Cache mapping (Direct, associative, set associative); Cache writing policies (Copy-Back, Write-through); Virtual Memory (Address space, memory space, Address mapping using pages, Page replacement)
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TEXT BOOKS:
- Computer System Architecture by M. Mano, Prentice-Hall.
- Structured Computer Organisation by A.S. Tanenbaum, 6th edition, Prentice-Hall of India, Eastern Economic Edition
REFERENCE BOOKS:
- Computer Organization, 5th Edi, by Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic,2002, SafwatZaky.
- Computer Organization and Design, 2nd Ed., by David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, Morgan 1997, Kauffmann.
- Computer Architecture and Organization, 3rd Edi, by John P. Hayes, 1998, TMH
- Computer Organisation& Architecture: Designing for performance by W. Stallings, 4th edition, 1996, Prentice-Hall International edition.
Course Outcomes: After successful completion of the course students will learn the following:-
- 1. How Computer Systems work & the basic principles
- 2. Instruction Level Architecture and Instruction Execution pipelining, parallelism and microprogramming
- 3. How I/O devices are accessed and its principles.
- 4. The memory organization along with cache and virtual memory concepts.